Model Size vs. Quality
Retrieval quality (NDCG@10) against parameter count — smaller & higher is better
ColBERT (late interaction)
Dense
Our models
Pareto frontier
On the Pareto frontier
models not dominated on size & quality
Model
Params
Score
The dashed step traces the overall Pareto frontier: no model below-and-right of it is both smaller and better. Hover any point for its scores.